Isaac Scientific Publishing

Journal of Advances in Molecular Biology

The Current Status of PrEP in Key Populations

Download PDF (577.8 KB) PP. 9 - 16 Pub. Date: June 8, 2018

DOI: 10.22606/jamb.2018.22001

Author(s)

  • Yi Zhang
    Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; National 111 Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
  • Zhihai Mao
    Huaxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tong Cheng City, Hubei, China
  • Yuyang Hua
    University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
  • Shicheng Gao
    Department of Epidemiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
  • Shenghan Lai
    Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
  • Jun Wang*
    Hubei University of Technology; National 111 Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan, Hubei, China;Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Abstract

Until 2016, the population living with HIV is 36.7 million. Though WHO set the goal to end HIV/AIDS, it is very challenging to stop HIV acquisition in 12 years due to insufficient of medical, economic, social and legal supports. Men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender people, sex workers, and drug users are traditionally classified as the key infected population. Recently, HIV infection in pregnant and breastfeeding women has caused more attention, for HIV hurts two generations in this case. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been evaluated to be an efficient tool to reduce HIV infection among high-risk population. In this paper, we reviewed the most recent progress of PrEP application in these critical populations who are at substantial risk of HIV acquisition. We also discussed challenges and solution for better prevention of HIV/AIDS.

Keywords

HIV, PrEP, MSM, transgender, sex worker, drug user

References

[1] http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/

[2] Global AIDS response progress reporting 2016; UNAIDS 2016 estimate. https://aidsreportingtool.unaids.org/static/docs/GARPR_Guidelines_2016_EN.pdf.

[3] Ware, N.C., Wyatt, M.A., Haberer, J.E., Baeten, J.M., Kintu, A., Psaros, C., Safren, S., Tumwesigye, E., Celum, C.L., Bangsberg, D.R. (2012) What's love got to do with it? Explaining adherence to oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-serodiscordant couples. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 59, 463-468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824a060b

[4] Namhindo, E.N.; Mei, F.; Cao, R.; Lai, S.; Dai, Y.; Lai, H.; Zhu, M.; Fu, H.; Huang, H.; Wang, J. (2018)PrEP: AIDS-Free Hope in Namibia?International Journal of Biology, 10, 13-16. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v10n1p13

[5] Grady D. F.D.A. Advisory Panel Backs Preventive Use of H.I.V. Drug. New York Times 2012 May 10:D5

[6] US Public Health Service. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection in the United States – 2014 Clinical Practice Guideline, available at: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/prepguidelines2014.pdf

[7] Preventing HIV during pregnancy and breastfeeding in the context of PrEP, Number of pages: 16 Publication date: July 2017, Languages: English, WHO reference number: WHO/HIV/2017.09 apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/255866/1/WHO-HIV-2017.09-eng.pdf

[8] Merchant, R.C., Corner, D., Garza, E., Guan, W., Mayer, K.H., Brown, L., Chan, P.A. (2016) Preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) information among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) at community outreach settings. Journal of gay & lesbian mental health, 20, 21-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2015.1105115

[9] Gamarel, K.E., Golub, S.A. (2015) Intimacy motivations and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adoption intentions among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) in romantic relationships. Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 49, 177-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-014-9646-3

[10] Kirby, T., Thornber-Dunwell, M. (2014) Uptake of PrEP for HIV slow among MSM. Lancet, 383, 399-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60137-9)

[11] King, H.L., Keller, S.B., Giancola, M.A., Rodriguez, D.A., Chau, J.J., Young, J.A., Little, S.J., Smith, D.M. (2014) Pre-exposure prophylaxis accessibility research and evaluation (PrEPARE Study). AIDS and behavior, 18, 1722-1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0845-5

[12] Young, I., Flowers, P., McDaid, L.M. (2014) Barriers to uptake and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among communities most affected by HIV in the UK: findings from a qualitative study in Scotland. BMJ open, 4, e005717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005717

[13] Frankis, J., Young, I., Flowers, P., McDaid, L. (2016) Who Will Use Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Why?: Understanding PrEP Awareness and Acceptability amongst Men Who Have Sex with Men in the UK--A Mixed Methods Study. PloS one, 11, e0151385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151385

[14] Yi, S., Tuot, S., Mwai, GW., Ngin, C., Chhim, K., Pal, K., Igbinedion, E., Holland, P., Choub, SC., Mburu, G.(2017) doi: 10.7448/IAS.20.1.21580. Awareness and willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc. 20, 21580.

[15] Ayala, G., Makofane, K., Santos, G.M., Beck, J., Do, T.D., Hebert, P., Wilson, P.A., Pyun, T., Arreola, S. (2013) Access to Basic HIV-Related Services and PrEP Acceptability among Men Who Have sex with Men Worldwide: Barriers, Facilitators, and Implications for Combination Prevention. Journal of sexually transmitted diseases, 2013, 953123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/953123

[16] Escudero, D.J., Kerr, T., Operario, D., Socias, M.E., Sued, O., Marshall, B.D. (2015) Inclusion of trans women in pre-exposure prophylaxis trials: a review. AIDS care, 27, 637-641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2014.986051

[17] Baral, S.D., Poteat, T., Stromdahl, S., Wirtz, A.L., Guadamuz, T.E., Beyrer, C. (2013) Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious diseases, 13, 214-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70315-8

[18] Santos, G.M., Wilson, E.C., Rapues, J., Macias, O., Packer, T., Raymond, H.F. (2014) HIV treatment cascade among transgender women in a San Francisco respondent driven sampling study. Sexually transmitted infections, 90, 430-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051342

[19] Zalazar, V., Aristegui, I., Kerr, T., Marshall, B.D.L., Romero, M., Sued, O., Socias, M.E. (2016) High Willingness to Use HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Transgender Women in Argentina. Transgender health, 1, 266-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2016.0033

[20] Plotzker, R., Seekaew, P., Jantarapakde, J., Pengnonyang, S., Trachunthong, D., Linjongrat, D., Janyam, S., Nakpor, T., Charoenying, S., Mills, S., Vannakit, R., Cassell, M., Phanuphak, P., Lertpiriyasuwat, C., Phanuphak, N. (2017) Importance of Risk Perception: Predictors of PrEP Acceptance Among Thai MSM and TG Women at a Community-Based Health Service. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 76, 473-481.

[21] Reisner, S.L., Jadwin-Cakmak, L., White Hughto, J.M., Martinez, M., Salomon, L., Harper, G.W. (2017) Characterizing the HIV Prevention and Care Continua in a Sample of Transgender Youth in the U.S. AIDS and behavior, 21, 3312-3327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1938-8

[22] Baral, S., Beyrer, C., Muessig, K., Poteat, T., Wirtz, A.L., Decker, M.R., Sherman, S.G., Kerrigan, D. (2012) Burden of HIV among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious diseases, 12, 538-549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70066-X

[23] Restar, A.J., Tocco, J.U., Mantell, J.E., Lafort, Y., Gichangi, P., Masvawure, T.B., Chabeda, S.V., Sandfort, T.G.M. (2017) Perspectives on HIV Pre- and Post-Exposure Prophylaxes (PrEP and PEP) Among Female and Male Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya: Implications for Integrating Biomedical Prevention into Sexual Health Services. AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education, 29, 141-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2017.29.2.141

[24] Eakle, R., Gomez, G.B., Naicker, N., Bothma, R., Mbogua, J., Cabrera Escobar, M.A., Saayman, E., Moorhouse, M., Venter, W.D.F., Rees, H., Team, T.D.P. (2017) HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and early antiretroviral treatment among female sex workers in South Africa: Results from a prospective observational demonstration project. PLoS medicine, 14, e1002444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002444

[25] Wang, Z., Lau, J.T.F., Yang, X., Cai, Y., Gross, D.L., Ma, T., Liu, Y. (2017) Acceptability of Daily Use of Free Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Transgender Women Sex Workers in Shenyang, China. AIDS and behavior, 21, 3287-3298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1869-4

[26] Young, I., Li, J., McDaid, L. (2013) Awareness and willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis amongst gay and bisexual men in Scotland: implications for biomedical HIV prevention. PloS one, 8, e64038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064038

[27] Goedel, W.C., Halkitis, P.N., Greene, R.E., Duncan, D.T. (2016) Correlates of Awareness of and Willingness to Use Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Geosocial-Networking Smartphone Applications in New York City. AIDS and behavior, 20, 1435-1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1353-6

[28] Ferrer, L., Folch, C., Fernandez-Davila, P., Garcia, A., Morales, A., Belda, J., Susperregui, A.R., Casabona, J., Ad hoc study group for Pr, E.P.a. (2016) Awareness of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV, Willingness to Use It and Potential Barriers or Facilitators to Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Spain. AIDS and behavior, 20, 1423-1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1379-9

[29] Shrestha, R., Karki, P., Altice, F.L., Dubov, O., Fraenkel, L., Huedo-Medina, T., Copenhaver, M. (2017) Measuring Acceptability and Preferences for Implementation of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Using Conjoint Analysis: An Application to Primary HIV Prevention Among High Risk Drug Users. AIDS and behavior. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1851-1

[30] Shrestha, R., Altice, F., Karki, P., Copenhaver, M. (2017) Developing an Integrated, Brief Biobehavioral HIV Prevention Intervention for High-Risk Drug Users in Treatment: The Process and Outcome of Formative Research. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00561

[31] Fu, R., Owens, D.K., Brandeau, M.L. (2018) Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for provision of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for people who inject drugs. Aids. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001747

[32] Mofenson, L.M. (2016) Tenofovir Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women at Risk of HIV Infection: The Time is Now. PLoS medicine, 13, e1002133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002133

[33] VIREAD drug label, revised 02/2016.Gilead,FosterCity,CA,2016. http://www.gilead.com/~/media/ Files/pdfs/medicines/liver-disease/viread/viread_pi.pdf.

[34] World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection—recommendations for a public health approach— secondedition,2016. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2016. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/arv/arv-2016/en/.

[35] Flash, C.A., Dale, S.K., Krakower, D.S. (2017) Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in women: current perspectives. International journal of women's health, 9, 391-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S113675

[36] Mugwanya, K.K., Hendrix, C.W., Mugo, N.R., Marzinke, M., Katabira, E.T., Ngure, K., Semiyaga, N.B., John-Stewart, G., Muwonge, T.R., Muthuri, G., Stergachis, A., Celum, C.L., Baeten, J.M. (2016) Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use by Breastfeeding HIV-Uninfected Women: A Prospective Short-Term Study of Antiretroviral Excretion in Breast Milk and Infant Absorption. PLoS medicine, 13, e1002132.http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002132

[37] Fruhauf, T., Coleman, J.S. (2017) A Missed Opportunity for U.S. Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Elimination: Pre-exposure Prophylaxis During Pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 130, 703-709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002258

[38] Smith, D.K., Van Handel, M., Wolitski, R.J., Stryker, J.E., Hall, H.I., Prejean, J., Koenig, L.J., Valleroy, L.A. (2015) Vital Signs: Estimated Percentages and Numbers of Adults with Indications for Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Acquisition--United States, 2015. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 64, 1291-1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6446a4

[39] FDA-Approved HIV Medicines, Last Reviewed: January 23, 2018, https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/21/58/fda-approved-hiv-medicines)