Ecology and Sustainable Development

Download PDF (2285.6 KB) PP. 23 - 43 Pub. Date: May 31, 2020

DOI: 10.22606/esd.2020.32002

• Mustapha Sumaila
  University of Energy and Natural Resources, Department of Ecotourism, Sunyani, Ghana
• James Agyei-Ohemeng^*
  University of Energy and Natural Resources, Department of Ecotourism, Sunyani, Ghana
• Obour Richard
  University of Energy and Natural Resources, Department of Ecotourism, Sunyani, Ghana
• Asamoah Francis Boafo
  University of Energy and Natural Resources, Department of Ecotourism, Sunyani, Ghana
• Apraku William
  Ashanti African Tours, Jukwa, Ghana

Point count method was used to collect data on bird diversity, abundance and distribution in two habitats. 456 individual birds, from 60 families and 151 species were identified. The study indicated a significant difference in birds’ abundance and species richness between the habitats. There was no significant difference between habitats and the feeding guild. The Mann Whitney U-test applied to test the difference in bird abundance between habitat types indicated that the number of birds in the Off-Reserve differed significantly from the On-Reserve as p < 0.05 (U= 3578, p= 0.0001). whereas Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') used to determine species diversity index was 3.950 and evenness of 0.927. Sørensen’s similarity, indicated that diversity of birds between the two habitat were not significant (t= 0.099, df= 1 and P= 0.933 at α= 0.05). There was no significant difference in diversity between the On-Reserve and the Off-Reserve bird composition.

point count method, off-reserve, on-reserve, settlement, livelihood, Kakum

[1] Gray, M. A, Baldauf, S. L, Mayhew, P.J & Hill, J. K (2007): The response of avian feeding guilds to tropical forest disturbance 21(1):133-141

[2] Lack, D. 1933. Habitat selection in birds with special reference to the effects of afforestation on the Breckland avifauna. Jour. Animal Ecol., vol. 2, pp. 239-262.

[3] Smith-Asante E. (2001). Independent Newspaper. Accra

[4] Kellert, S. R. (1985). Birdwatching in American Society. Leisure Sciences, 7(3}, 343-360.

[5] Rajashekara, S & Venkatesha, M.G (2014). Insectivorous bird communities of diverse agro-ecosystems in the Bengaluru region, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2(5):142-155.

[6] Harvey, C. and Gonzalez – Villalobos, J. A. (2007). Agroforestry systems Conserve species –rich but modified assemblages of tropical birds and bats. Biodiversity Conservation 16: 2257 – 2292.

[7] Agyei-Ohemeng, J., Adu Bright Yeboah, Asamoa Francis (2019) Ecological status of birds in Sunyani using their foraging habits, Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222- 3045 (Online) Vol. 14, No. 6, p. 62-69, http://www.innspub.net

[8] American Birding Association. (2010). About the ABA publications. Colorado Springs, CO: Author. Retrieved June 28, 2010, from http://www.aba.org/publications/

[9] Eagles, P. F. J. (2010b). Personal interview: Ecotourism and bird-watching tourism. Waterloo, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo.

[10] Lichstein, J. W., T.R. Simons, and K. E. Franzreb. (2002). Landscape effects on breeding song-bird abundance in managed forests. Ecological Applications 12, 836–857.

[11] Butler, J; & Fenton, G. D. (1987). Bird watchers of Point Pelee National Park, phase one: Bird watchers of Point Pelee National Park, Ontario: Their characteristics and activities, with special consideration to their social and resource impacts. Alberta Naturalist, 17(3), 135- 146.

[12] Eagles, P. F., McCool, S. F., & Haynes, C. D. (2002). Sustainable tourism in protected areas:Guidelines for planning and management: IUCN.

[13] Cordell, H. K. and Herbert, N. G. (2002). The popularity of birding is still growing. Birding 34: 54-59.

[14] Loiselle, B. A (1988). Bird abundance and seasonality in a Costa Rican lowland forest canopy. Condor. 90:761-772.

[15] Pimm, S. L., G.J. Russell, J. L. Gittleman, & T. M. Brooks. (1995). The future of biodiversity. Science 269, 347–350 pp.

[16] Moreau, R. E. 1934. A contribution to tropical African bird ecology. Jour. Animal Ecol., vol. 3, pp. 41-69.

[17] Boateng, I (2009) GIS assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change and coastal adaptation planning in Vietnam. Journal of coastal Conservation, Vol.1, issue 1, pp25-36.

[18] Sandstrom, U.G; Angelstam, P. & Mikusinski, G. (2005). Ecological diversity of birds in relation to the structure of urban green space. Landscape Urban Plan 77:39–53.

[19] Chapin, F. S., Zavaleta, E. S., Eviner, V. T., Naylor, R.L., Vitousek, P. M., Reynolds, H. L., Hooper, D. U., Lavorel, S., Sala, O. E., Hobbie, S. E., Mack, M. C. and Díaz, S. (2000). Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature 405: 234-242.

[20] Eggert, L., Eggert, J., & Woodruff, D. (2003). Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana. Molecular ecology, 12(6), 1389-1402.

[21] Bideberi, G (2013) Diversity, Distribution and Abundance of avifauna in respect to habitat types: a case study of kilakala and bigwa, morogoro, Tanzania. Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro Tanzania.

[22] Borrow, N and Demey, R. (2010). Birds of Ghana. Published by Christopher Helm, London

[23] Chace, J. F., & Walsh, J. J. (2006). Urban effects on native avifauna: A review. Landscape Urban Plan 74:46–69.

[24] Shochat, E; Lerman, S & Fernández-Juricic, E. (2010). Birds in Urban Ecosystems: Population Dynamics, Community Structure, Biodiversity, and Conservation. Urban Ecosystem Ecology 55:75-86.

[25] Rodríguez-Estrella, R. (2007). Land use changes affect distributional patterns of desert birds in the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Diversity and Distribution 13: 877–889.

[26] Twerefou, D. K., Ababio, D. K. A., & Daniel, A. (2012). An economic valuation of the Kakum National Park: An individual travel cost approach. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 6(4), 199- 207.

[27] Askins, R. A; Folsom-Okeefon, C. M & Hardly, M. C. (2012). Effect of vegetation, corridor width and Regional land use on Early Successional Birds on Powerline corridor. Plos one 7 (2): 1-10

[28] Shankar Raman, T. R. (2001) Effect of Slash-and-Burn Shifting Cultivation on Rainforest Birds in Mizoram, North-east India. Conservation Biology, 15; 685-698.

[29] Howe, H. F. & Smallwood, J. (1982). Ecology of seed dispersal. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst.13: 201-228.

[30] Johnson, M.D, Kellermann, J.L, Stercho, A.M (2010). Pest reduction services by birds in shade and sun coffee in Jamaica. Animal Conservation 13(2):140-147.

[31] Alexander, B. B & Kwame, I. P (2009). Diversity and Distribution of birds in the owabi wildlife sanctuary and its catchment area: Impact of land use change. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Department of theoretical and applied biology.

[32] Boyle, S.A. & Samson, F.B. (1985). Effects of nonconsumptive recreation on wildlife: a review. Wildlife Society Bulletin 13:110–116.

[33] Grez, A. A., Moreno, P. & Elgueta, M. (2003). Coleopteros (insecta Coleoptera) epigeos associados al bosque maulino y plantaciores de pino aledanas. Rev. Chil Entomology 29: 9-18.

[34] Isaacs, J. C. (2000). The limited potential of ecotourism to contribute to wildlife conservation. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28: 61–69.

[35] Rana, S. V. S. (2005). Essentials of Ecology and Environmental Science 2nd Ed. Prentice – Hall of India Private Ltd., New Delhi.

[36] Sekercioglu, C. H (2002) Impacts of birdwatching on human and avian communities. Environmental Conservation 29 (3): 282–289, Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA

[37] Lee, P. & Rotenberry, J. T. (2005). Relationships between bird species in forested habitats of Eastern North America. Journal of Biogeography. 32: 1139–1150.

[38] Pearman, P. B. (2002). The scale of community structure: habitat variation and avian guilds in tropical forest understory. Ecological Monographs 72: 19–39.

[39] Corlett, R. T. (1998) Frugivory and seed dispersal by vertebrated in the oriental region. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 73:413-448.

[40] Cox, P. A. and Elmqvist, T. (2000). Pollinator extinction in the Pacific islands. Conservation Biology.14: 1237-1239.

[41] Moorcroft, D; Whttingham, M. J; Bradbury, R. B & Wilson, J. D (2002). The selection of stubble fields by wintering granivorous birds reflects vegetation cover and food abundance. Journal of Applied Ecology. 39(3): 535-547.

[42] Moegenburg, S. M & Levey, D. J (2003). Do frugivores respond to fruit harvest? An experimental study of short-term responses. Ecology. 84(10):2600-2612

[43] Li, S, Zou, F, Zhang, Q & Sheldon, F. H (2013). Species richness and guild composition in rubber plantations compared to secondary forest on Hainan Island, China. Agroforestry Systems. 87(5):1117-1128.

[44] Honey, M. (1999). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? Washington DC, USA: Island Press.

[45] Pennington, D. N & Blair, R. B. (2011). Habitat selection of breeding riparian birds in an urban environment: Untangling the relative importance of biophysical element and spatial scale. Diversity and Distribution 17:506 – 518.

[46] Sekercioglu, C. H. (2002c). Impacts of birdwatching on human and avian communities. Environ. Conservation. 29: 282-289.

[47] Giannecchini, J. (1993) Ecotourism: New partners, new relationships. Conservation Biology 7: 429–432.

[48] Campbell, M & John, M. (2012). Habitat Fragmentation and Birds [faculty.ncwc.edu/mbrooks/pif/.../fragmentation fact sheet. Htm] site visited on 24th April 2012.

[49] Azeria, E.T; Sanmart′n, I; Stefan A; Carlson, A & Burgess, A. (2007). Biogeographic patterns of the East African coastal forest vertebrate fauna. Biodiversity Conservation 16 (4): 883-912.

[50] Burgess, N.D; Doggart. N and Lovett, J. (2002). The Uluguru Mountains of Eastern Tanzania: the effect of forest loss on biodiversity. Oryx 36: 140-152.

[51] MacArthur, R. H., MacArthur, and J. W. & Freer, J. (1962) On Bird Species Diversity: II. Prediction of Bird Census from Habitat Measurements. The American Naturalist, 96; 167-174. Macthur, R. H., and Macthur, J. W. (1961) On Bird

[52] Buckley, H.L and. Freckleton R. P. (2010). Understanding the role of species dynamics in abundance– occupancy relationships. Journal of Ecology 98: 645–658.